大屠杀画报
The best known of the engravings depicting the Boston Massacre was made by 保罗·里维尔 in 1770, but several other versions appeared in Massachusetts and London over the next two years. Each of these images was made to express outrage at the actions of the British troops and to solicit support for the Patriot cause. The images of the confrontation between the soldiers and the townspeople are significant and compelling, 但在历史上是不准确的. The artists influenced public opinion by depicting a line of Redcoats firing point-blank into a defenseless crowd, when in fact there was no such organized military action and the civilians were an unruly mob of sixty.
To compare versions of the engraving from the collections of the 马萨诸塞州历史学会, 参观 比较页面 where you can locate the similarities and differences between seven prints of the Boston Massacre and one painting of the location as it was depicted about 30 years after the event.
保罗·里维尔
保罗·里维尔's engraving is commonly believed to have been based on an engraving by Henry Pelham, 波士顿的画家和雕刻家. 尽管佩勒姆创造了他的形象， 专断权力的果实 第一个, 不知怎么的敬畏, 根据佩勒姆对现场的再现进行调查, 创建, 广告, 并发布了他自己的版本, 血腥屠杀在佩勒姆之前. 这激怒了佩勒姆, 是谁在1770年3月29日给里维尔写信的, "When I heard that you was cutting a plate of the late Murder, I thought it impossible as I knew you was not capable of doing it unless you coppied it from mine and I thought I had intrusted it in the hands of a person who had more regard to the dictates of Honour and Justice than to take the undue advantage you have done of the confidence and trust I reposed in you." [Pelham's letter was 发表 in the Proceedings of the 马萨诸塞州历史学会, 第二个系列, 第8卷(1892-1894), 227页.]
血腥屠杀 perpetrated in King Street, Boston on March 5th 1770 by ...
Revere is also credited with the creation of a less-detailed woodcut of the Massacre scene, which was widely distributed by printer Isaiah Thomas. 它的首次亮相是在2009年 1772年的马萨诸塞州历法或年历. The same woodcut was used later in 1772 in the upper left corner of a broadside entitled 3月5日的纪念铭文，同样由以赛亚·托马斯出版.
The Boston Massacre, perpetrated on March the 5th, 1770
3月5日的纪念铭文
亨利·佩勒姆的版画
亨利·佩勒姆对波士顿大屠杀的描述， 专断权力的果实, Or the Bloody Massacre出版于1770年春天. Pelham--despite having 创建 what was probably the 第一个 illustration of the event on 5 March 1770--lost out on the fame and fortune of having done so when 保罗·里维尔 got his print to market 第一个. Pelham's engraving is rare, but the American Antiquarian Society owns a copy, which can be viewed through their "Illustrated Inventory of 保罗·里维尔's works at the American Antiquarian Society." [请注意: 因为卫生部没有这幅版画的复制品, 该图像在比较页面上不可用, but the link above will open a new tab and direct you to the AAS's online presentation of Pelham's engraving.]
里维尔和佩勒姆版画的差异
Although at 第一个 glance the engravings of Revere and Pelham appear to be quite similar, on closer inspection there are a number of differences that allow us to distinguish them. 在佩勒姆的版画里, the moon in the top left-hand corner faces to the right, 而在里维尔的版本中，它是向左的. Pelham's version shows eight columns in the cupola of the First Church, 而里维尔的版画只有七个. Pelham includes a smoking chimney just to the right of the State House and also a slim steeple to its right, 这两个都没有出现在里维尔的版本中. 最后, Pelham's print includes a quote from the Ninety-fourth Psalm, while Revere's features an original eighteen-line poem.
Revere's approach (deliberately basing his depiction of the Boston Massacre on Pelham's imagery) was not unusual for the time, when works were not yet considered intellectual property nor were they protected by copyright. 克拉伦斯年代. 布里格姆, 保罗·里维尔的版画, writes: "It was customary in the eighteenth century for engravers to copy anything which came their way, 没有信用或确认." (Worcester: American Antiquarian Society, 1954), page 44.
乔纳森·穆里肯(改编自里维尔)
Jonathan Mulliken, a clock-maker from Newburyport, Mass., 创建 his own rendering of the scene, after Revere's print. 虽然它也出现在1770年, Mulliken的版本有足够的变化, 比如圆顶上只有六根柱子, 很明显，它是从另一块盘子上撞下来的.
血腥屠杀 Perpetrated in King Street Boston on March 5th 1770 by a ...
根据亨利·佩勒姆改编
An English reprint of Henry Pelham's engraving appeared on a broadside 发表 by W. 1770年彬格莱在伦敦. The title and image are both similar to Pelham's engraving, and the text is drawn from both Pelham's and Revere's engravings. MHS's copy of the Bingley reprint was originally folded and bound within the pamphlet, 恐怖大屠杀的简短叙述，伦敦:为W. 彬格莱,1770). The MHS also holds another English reprint of Pelham's engraving, 发生在波士顿国王街的大屠杀. 这幅版画是作为封面出现的 恐怖大屠杀的简短叙述，伦敦:为E. 和C. Dilly in the Poultry; and J. 阿尔蒙，皮卡迪利大街，1770年).
专断权力的果实: or 血腥屠杀
The Massacre perpetrated in King Street Boston on March 5th, 1770
两个19世纪的事件描述
The importance of the Boston Massacre did not fade over time, and images of that night in March of 1770 continued to be 创建, 发表, 几十年后分发出去. 一个例子, an engraving by Alonzo Hartwell that was 发表 in 1838, 是根据里维尔的版画创作的. 另一个例子, 1856年出版的平版版画, presents a different interpretation of the event by placing Crispus Attucks, one of the five casualties (and the only African American), 在现场的中心.
